If liquid or dust found their way to the device's headphone port, they will be deceiving your device that headphones are plugged in it, which would explain why it doesn't ring. If you see a headphones icon near the battery icon, you are definitely facing this issue, popularly known as "stuck into headphone mode".
In order to clean the device's headphone port you will need a cotton bud and an isopropyl alcohol (90-100%), due to its evaporating property. Put a small amount of the alcohol on the bud and then place and rotate the bud into the headphone port, gently.
Check the video below to see how to clean the headphone port:
The speaker holes need to be dirt-free so that you can hear your device ringing. If they are not clean, you can clean them using a small brush and isopropyl alcohol, or a toothpick.
Note: Avoid using needles or any other sharp object, because you might damage the speaker's membrane.
Maybe your device is in silent mode. All you have to do is to disable it. You can do that in several ways:
Note: On some older devices you need to change the profile, from Silent to General.
If your device doesn't ring at all and its battery is removable, remove the battery and insert it after 2 minutes.
If you have turned down the device's volume, your device won't ring. Press the volume (+) up button to turn up the volume and check if your device starts ringing, by calling it from another device, sending an SMS, etc.
Maybe your device doesn't ring because the blocking mode (a.k.a Interruptions) is enabled.
In order to disable this mode:
Note: On Android 5, Interruptions is the feature that replaced the Blocking mode. In order to disable this feature:
If the mute function is enabled in the Motions and Gestures menu, all the incoming calls will be muted if you cover the phone's front part (the screen) with your hand or with any flat surface. To prevent this from happening in future, disable the mute option in the Motions and Gestures menu.
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