Maybe the remote control has malfunctioned, or its batteries are worn out. Try pressing the physical buttons, located on the device. If you are able to switch channels, the remote control was the reason why you couldn't switch channels in the first place.
Check out the solutions to remote control doesn't work, to learn how to make the remote control work again.
If you watch channels through a box, you can change channels only with the box's remote control, NOT with the remote control of the TV. Ensure that you use the box's remote control.
Maybe the cable TV box itself deleted the channel list, due to a software bug. Try rescanning for TV channels, but before that, make sure that the antenna is plugged in the box.
Note: Some cable TV boxes offer you the opportunity to make a backup of the channels list to an external medium (USB, external hard drive, etc.). If your box is one of them, make a backup (usually, this option can be found under the channels section, in Settings), so that when this issue reoccurs, you can easily restore the channels list. If you are not sure whether your box has this feature, you can check in its manuals.
The device's IR sensor receives the instructions you send to it using your remote control. If you have put any object over the device's IR sensor, make sure to remove it as the IR sensor won't be able to detect the instructions sent by the remote control. Usually, the sensors are around the logo, next to the stand-by light, or in the lower, right part of the device.
By turning off the box and turning it back on after a few minutes, you will restart the box's hardware and probably resolve this issue. Also, you can unplug it from the power outlet and plug it back in after a few minutes.
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