Sadness is characterized by feelings of hopelesness, helplesness, disappointment, etc. This feeling, however, lasts for a short period of time, and a person usually feels relieved when they cry. But if this sadness lasts for a very long time and it doesn't seem to stop at all, then it is called depression. Sadness can be overcome by talking with people, and doing various activities to help relieve the stress.
If your sadness lasts longer than a month, however, you should check whether you have depression, and take certain measures in accordance with that.
If you want to help someone overcome their sadness, follow it through to the end. So when you offer to help out with something and when you offer them to call you at any time, stick to it and fulfill all the things you obliged yourself to do.
Understand that the person in question is sad, and by no means try to tell them that the situation is not so bad after all. Don't undermine their feelings, because some things might not seem all that bad, when for others it may seem like a disaster.
When a person who is sad is confiding in you, don't try offering them solutions off the bat, and don't talk over them by any means. Just sit there and listen to what he/she has to say. Offer the solutions only at the end of the conversation, when they told you everything they wanted to.
When a person is telling you their problem, don't offer an anecdote of your own, because it may look like you only want to talk about yourself instead of listening to the person in question. Try using that experience to help your friend, by using phrases such as, "I know exactly how you must be feeling" ; "Absolutely" etc.
Try your best to be at your friend's disposal. Here are some things that you might want to consider.
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